Routing number vs account number: what's the difference?
In short: the routing number is a 9-digit number that identifies your bank; the account number identifies your account at that bank. You need both to set up direct deposit or automatic payments. For money coming from abroad, the sender usually also needs your bank's SWIFT code.
Routing number
The routing number, also called the ABA routing transit number, is 9 digits long and tells the payment system which bank or credit union to send money to. It is not secret: many customers share the same one. Some banks use different routing numbers for different states, or one number for direct deposits and another for wire transfers, so check the right one for what you are doing.
Account number
Your account number identifies your own checking or savings account. It is usually 8 to 12 digits, but lengths vary. Treat it as private: together with the routing number, it can be used to take money out of your account by electronic transfer or a fake check.
Where to find them
- On a check: along the bottom, the routing number is usually the first set of 9 digits on the left, followed by your account number and then the check number.
- In your banking app or website: usually under account details.
- On your statement, or by calling the number on the back of your card.
Get the numbers from your bank directly, not from a search result: a wrong digit can send money to the wrong place, and it can be hard to get back.
When you need each one
| Task | What you give |
|---|---|
| Direct deposit of your pay | Routing number and account number (often on a direct deposit form) |
| Automatic bill payments | Routing number and account number |
| Receiving a domestic wire | Wire routing number and account number |
| Receiving money from abroad | SWIFT code, account number, your name and the bank's address |
SWIFT codes and IBANs
A SWIFT code (also called a BIC) is 8 or 11 letters and numbers that identifies a bank for international transfers. US banks don't use IBANs, which are common in Europe and some other countries; a US bank account is identified by the routing number and account number instead. If someone abroad asks for an IBAN to pay you, ask your bank what details to give.
Keep your numbers safe
- Only give your account number to employers, billers and people you trust, through a channel you started.
- Never share it with someone who contacts you unexpectedly, even if they say they are from your bank.
- Check your statements: under federal rules you have limited time to report unauthorized electronic transfers, so report anything strange quickly.
Handy tools
- Remittance cost comparer: compare two transfer options by how much arrives.
General information, not financial advice. Rules, fees and rates change and depend on your situation. Check with your bank, the provider or a qualified professional before you decide.
Sources
- CFPB: What is an ACH transaction?
- Federal Reserve Financial Services: E-Payments Routing Directory
- CFPB: How do I get my money back after an unauthorized transaction?
- CFPB: Money transfers